Most of us grow up learning that cheating is bad. We should not steal. We should not lie. And above all: we should not exploit the groups we are part of. Is cheating irrevocably bad?

Is Lamarckism back? Current discussions, specifically in the field of epigenetics, seem to suggest that this is the case.

A group of biologists and philosophers has recently coined the concepts of “holobiont” and “hologenome”. Holobiont refers to the ecological entity of a macrobial host plus the set of associated microorganisms that compose its microbiome.